Biomimetic Supramolecular Protein Matrix Restores Human Dental Enamel
Regrowth of lost tooth enamel due to decay and sensitivity remains a significant challenge. Researchers have developed a protein-based material that mimics natural enamel formation, enabling epitaxial growth of apatite nanocrystals to rebuild enamel structure and function.
Enamel Structure and Challenges
Human tooth enamel exhibits a complex hierarchical arrangement of apatite nanocrystals, providing it with exceptional stiffness, hardness, and fracture resistance. However, enamel lacks regenerative capacity, making it difficult to restore its microstructure and mechanical strength artificially in clinical environments.
Development of a Supramolecular Matrix
The study introduces a tunable and robust supramolecular matrix composed of elastin-like recombinamers (ELRs) designed to replicate the enamel-developing matrix's structure and role. When applied as a coating on eroded tooth surfaces, the matrix remains stable and induces epitaxial growth of apatite nanocrystals.
Restoration of Enamel Microarchitecture
- The matrix facilitates the recreation of the enamel's microarchitecture across various anatomical regions.
- Mechanical properties of the enamel, including hardness and toughness, are effectively restored.
Clinical Implications
This mineralizing technology shows promise for clinical use in treating enamel loss conditions such as erosion and dental hypersensitivity.
Formation of dental enamel, the hardest and most mineralized tissue of vertebrates, relies on the 3D assembly and organisation of the protein amelogenin.
Author's summary: The engineered protein matrix offers a promising biomimetic approach to regenerate enamel's structure and function, potentially transforming treatments for dental erosion and sensitivity.